Keeper Collection #SommChat Guest Master Sommelier Tim Gaiser

10/31 Master Sommelier Tim Gaiser

@TheWineKey (Charlotte): @KeeperColl Just saw your reminder of #SommChat – what’s the topic today?!

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Welcome to #SommChat everyone! Tell your friends to join us to learn about #wine for the next hour from #Master #Sommelier Tim Gaiser!

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Today we are with #Master #Sommelier Tim Gaiser and he’s ready to answer our Qs! #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): You’re welcome to ask Tim Gaiser your Qs too! But first, read the instructions in our next few tweets so you’ll know what to do #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Tim hasn’t personally embarked on Twitter world yet, so we’re assisting and typing his A’s as he speaks. #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): ALL OF TIM’S TWEETS WILL COME FROM @KEEPERCOLL #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): So, if u have Qs, direct them to @KeeperColl & we’ll ask Tim. We’ll also tweet his answers-” #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): don’t forget that EVERY tweet during this chat should include the #SommChat hashtag in order for everyone to see it! Let’s start chatting!

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): #SommChat @KeeperColl Hi Tim!

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): from Tim Gaiser: hello everyone – great to be here!! #SommChat

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): @TheWineKey @KeeperColl – Hi Charlotte! Welcome to #SommChat!

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. You are one of the TOP #wine experts out there- how did you first get interested in the #wine industry? #WineWednesday #SommChat #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: I came to the #wine world through a series of sideways career moves. #SommChat #WineWednesday #Winelover

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: I have two degrees in music—a BA in music history and an MM degree in classical trumpet. #SommChat #WineWednesday #Winelover

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: But I worked in restaurants during undergrad and grad school to support myself. #SommChat #WineWednesday #Winelover

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: I got interested in #wine when I was in grad school at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. #SommChat #WineWednesday

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: I bartended at 2 really outstanding restaurants that had big #wine programs-had to crash-learn about #wine quickly. #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: When I moved to San Fran N1984 I cont’ 2 bartend 2 help pay the bills while trying 2 establish performing career. #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: Eventually resto biz took over-bartender 2 #wine buyer to #Sommelier, passing the Master #Sommelier exam N ’92. #SommChat

@nicktex (Nicholas): @KeeperColl Thoughts on the exciting #wines coming off of Mt Etna? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T Gaiser: @nicktex Great #wines from Benanti #sommchat

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): #SommChat @KeeperColl how old were you when you started the master program?

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T Gaiser @Bacchus1987 I was 37 #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. Tell us exactly what “deductive tasting” portion of the Master #Sommelier exam entails #WineWednesday #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: The tasting portion of the exam is six #wines and 25 minutes. It’s oral so no writing anything down. #SommChat #WineWednesday

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: Using deductive tasting grid, describe appear., nose, & palate of #wine 2 come up w/best possible conclusion. #SommChat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: For many, including me, “deductive tasting” is by far the most difficult part of our exams. #SommChat #WineWednesday

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): Hope you are all safe on the East Coast – and you have enough #wine to survive the storm! – #SommChat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl Hi Tim! I am joining #SommChat!

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): @KeeperColl – Just passed my Level I in September (yay!), any tips on how to study in an organized way to prep for Level II? – #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T Gaiser: @demilove Theory: study intro course book #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T Gaiser: @demilove Tasting: download grid from website and practice #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @demilove Service: Champagne service and practice carrying a tray #sommchat

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): #SommChat @KeeperColl Tim, where can I find a copy of the famous grid?

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @Bacchus1987 it’s on the MS website #sommchat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl @bacchus1987 that’s awesome #SommChat

@scottota (Scott Ota): @KeeperColl In your opinion, do many #somms overlook the appearance of a #wine when deductive tasting? #SommChat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @scottota sometimes yes. Appearance of #wine is very impt #WW #sommchat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl my biggest challenge in remembering everything as I change subjects of studies – suggestions on how to retain info? #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser @lwa235 maps r the best starting point for memory #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @KeeperColl #SommChat what is your biggest challenge when developing your #wine programs?

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @mmWine Balancing unusual #wines with brands #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @mmWine Carrying a tray with glassware is impt for overall service #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @demilove @KeeperColl everyone tells me to walk around with a silver platter and 4 full champagne flutes to pass Cert service #SommChat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl agree, but locating good #wine concise maps are trying. Any websites or references you recommend? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @lwa235 @guildsomm website is the place to go #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @KeeperColl I need to sit down and study for my cert. been too busy but want it #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. You are the author of “How to Taste Wine Like a Pro”- is this really a guide for beginners? #WineWednesday #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: There’s also some great information on the sensory memory project I’ve been working on over the last two years. #SommChat #WW

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl @vinetimestoo So sorry to be late… #SommChat I got caught up in enjoying to the cool Florida weather

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl This is where I start with my #wine students… how to taste like a pro… #SommChat

@scottota (Scott Ota): @lwa235 De Long, Hugh Johnson and @guildsomm all have killer maps. Many producers have great maps too. #Sommchat #WW

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl in your book? #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @lwa235 no book yet #wineWednesday #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. In your opinion, why is sense of smell the most important of the five when evaluating #wine? #WineWednesday #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: Smell is most powerful of 5 senses rel. 2 memory. Scientists tell us it accounts 4 at least 85% of sense of taste. #SommChat

@Sassodoro (Sassodoro): @KeeperColl Hi, all! I’m coming in late to #SommChat and trying to catch up!

@ATXFoodnews (Kay Marley-Dilworth): Me, too. RT @Sassodoro: @KeeperColl Hi, all! I’m coming in late to #SommChat and trying to catch up!

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl Tim, pleasure to have you here … Always nice to meet someone who has a passion to educate the palate #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate good to hear from you too #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @KeeperColl I always tell people smell is 80% of taste. I was close ! #SommChat

@knowvino (Carl Corsi): Hi Tim, I’ve enjoyed your recent lectures. What #wine regions will you visit in ’13? #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @knowvino #Germany and Northern #Italy are on the calendar thus far #WineWednesday #sommchat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl I agree that’s why I spend more time on the nose than what’s on the palate #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @lwa235 Agree, Smelling is the most impt part of tasting #wine #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl sorry forgot Hashtag: Tim, why did u become an MS & are you involved in any research on #wine tourism? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser @1educatedpalate Just to be examined at an Int’l standard & no research in #wine tourism at this pt. #WW #sommchat

@ATXFoodnews (Kay Marley-Dilworth): .@KeeperColl Q. Best “bargain” #wine? And Q. Bubbly – flutes or coupes? #SommChat #Ww

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @ATXFoodnews Best Bargain #wines are in #Navarra and #Sicily #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser @ATXFoodnews Bubbly – flutes for young #wines and tulips for older #Champagne #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl do you have a particular system to suggest #wines? Sensory analysis or Bridging approach? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate Master #Sommelier deductive tasting method #WW #sommchat

@Sassodoro (Sassodoro): Me too! RT @KeeperColl : A. T. Gaiser: I got interested in #wine when in grad school @ the U of Michigan in Ann Arbor. #SommChat #WW

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @lwa235 @KeeperColl a #wine with beautiful aromatics will always make me pause #SommChat like today’s post on Vouvray

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @mmWine I’m a big fan of #Vouvray also like #Alsace Gewurz #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl most challenging global cuisine to pair #wine with? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate good question. Indian food can be challenging #Winewednesday #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate lots of good #tasting guidance on my blog, http://www.timgaiser.com/blog.html #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. Tell us how the ‘Think like a Genius’ #Wine Master training product works? Is it for #wine beginners? #WineWednesday #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: ‘Think like a Genius’ #Wine Master-really good video abt how to taste. http://youtu.be/mfrGAfRyNye #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: ‘Think like a Genius’ #Wine Master is guide 2 become aware of how UR memory works for smelling and tasting. #SommChat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl do you remember the most challenging question on the MS exam? Paraphrased of course #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate long time ago 1st questions were on #greek #wine #WW #sommchat

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): Hello #SommChatfriends! Just pulled away from morning meeting. Nice to see you all here. @KeeperColl #WW

@scottota (Scott Ota): @KeeperColl Who is your favorite composer? And, if you could share a bottle of #wine together, what would it be? #Sommchat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @scottota Mozart and bottle of #Krug #Champagne #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl what are your thoughts on #Chapitalization in #Rieslings even though its permitted? #quality #wines #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate Just like dosage in #Champagne #WW #sommchat

@CaravelleChamp (Rita Jammet): gr8 question gets gr8 answer RT @KeeperColl : T. Gaiser @ATXFoodnews Bubbly – flutes 4 young #wines & tulips 4 older #Champagne #WW #sommchat

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): @KeeperColl , MS T Gaiser: not sure if u covered this, but what do u think of Le Nez du Vin for help w/ nose/taste memory #Sommchat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @winegalLynne good but very expensive- easier to use actual fruits, spices, etc. #WW #winelover #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @winegalLynne Practice using images of fruits, spices, etc to improve smell memory #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @goodtastereport @KeeperColl @ATXFoodnews I believe flutes keep bubbles longer, coupes let them escape too quickly. #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @mmWine @goodtastereport @ATXFoodnews Yes, coupes poor choice overall #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl #ouch and now name the #wine maker from the US producing the 1er Cru from burgundy? #sommchat

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): “@winegalLynne: .@KeeperColl , MS T Gaiser: what do u think of Le Nez du Vin #Sommchat #WW” how expensive is that set now?

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @Bacchus1987 large kit is $450 #WW #sommchat

@Sassodoro (Sassodoro): RT @KeeperColl : T. Gaiser: @ATXFoodnews Best Bargain #wines are in #Navarra and #Sicily #WW #sommchat

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): @winegalLynne @KeeperColl – Good morning, Lynne! nice to see you here today at #SommChat !

@CharlesComm (Charles Comm PR): Morning, Tim! @KeeperColl . Curious to know what California #wine regions you’re excited about these days #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @CharlesComm Hi Kimberly! I like Paso Robles #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl it’s ok if let’s say the 2012 Mosel Riesling vines produced a poor crop but supply & demand over quality is the rule? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate Like Mosel, Like Burgundy-depends on the quality of the vintage #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @KeeperColl @mmWine @goodtastereport @ATXFoodnews Dont tell my Robin that. She swears by her coupes no matter what I say #SommChat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @charlescomm @KeeperColl I look forward to Tim’s answer. I think Paso is up and coming personally #SommChat

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): @KeeperColl – What are the best spices/aromas to get locked into my memory as a reference point for #wines? – #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @demilove major fruit family for whites and reds and then all oak spices #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl perhaps It’s about how much “dosage” is placed in the bottle? #SommChat– ur thoughts on the 2012 Riesling-Mosel? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate lots of #wine declassified #WW #sommchat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl @atxfoodnews agree. I love to use Burgundy glasses especially for vintage Champagne. It’s all about the nose #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @lwa235 great idea – # Burgundy glasses work for practically everything #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): Great minds think Alike. RT @KeeperColl : T. Gaiser: @CharlesComm Hi Kimberly! I like Paso Robles #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate agreed abt dosage, 2012 Mosel vintage is small and uneven quality #WW #sommchat

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): “@KeeperColl : T. Gaiser: @demilove major fruit family for whites and reds and then all oak spices #WW #sommchat” nice tip! Thanks!

@ATXFoodnews (Kay Marley-Dilworth): But so elegant. RT @KeeperColl : T. Gaiser: @mmWine @goodtastereport @ATXFoodnews Yes, coupes poor choice overall #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @ATXFoodnews it’s all about Marie Antoinette:) #WW #sommchat

@ATXFoodnews (Kay Marley-Dilworth): Thanks! RT @KeeperColl : T. Gaiser @ATXFoodnews Bubbly – flutes for young #wines and tulips for older #Champagne #WW #sommchat

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): #Sommchat save the coupes for cocktails!

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. You’re now involved in a large-scale project involving behavioral/neurosciences and the senses- can you tell us more? #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: Over last 2 yrs I’ve modeled internal tasting strategies of some top people in industry-results are pretty amazing. #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: We found that our internal experience of smelling & tasting #wine is pretty much a visual one. #SommChat #WW #Winelover

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: We have visual tools R constructs 2 help us remember, calibrate or make sense of all aspects of #wine-remarkable! #SommChat

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): @KeeperColl , T. Gaiser, In what ways have u seen wines/winemaking change over the years? Hope not 2 broad a question. #SommChat#WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @winegalLynne winemaking heading in polar directions #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T.Gaiser: @winegalLynne minimal intervention versus maximum winemaking #WW #sommchat

@kathymorganMS (Kathy Morgan): Gr8 advice. Hi Tim! “@KeeperColl : T. Gaiser: Practice using images of fruits, spices, etc to improve smell memory #WW #sommchat”

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @kathymorganMS hi Kathy – great to hear from you #WW #sommchat

@noblewines (Christopher Miller): @KeeperColl a tad late for #SommChat #sandy hosing cell & internet in #hamptons & NF LI, luckily grapes harvest is finished

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl true! So the viticulturalist would choose to keep that poorer quality #wine as a tafel wein? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T.Gaiser: @1educatedpalate lots of QBA estate #wines #WW #sommchat

@CaravelleChamp (Rita Jammet): bonjour A.T. Gaiser, do you believe raising temperatures are affecting grapes, for instance in Champagne? #SommChat @KeeperColl

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @CaravelleChamp yes climate change affecting all viticultural areas #WW #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @atxfoodnews That is Robin’s thing. They may not be “perfect’ for #Champagne, but she loves the elegance and timelessness of a coup #SommChat

@demilove (Douglas Trapasso): @Keepercoll – Are there any #SommChat participants today from the #Boston area? If so, please DM me in p.m. – want to ask you something!

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl so you would not recommend the 2012 #Rieslings let say from Dr. Loosen? #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @1educatedpalate too soon to make a call on the vintage – need to taste the #wines #WW #sommchat

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl absolutely agreed. I know a #wine producer not using 2012 Mosel grapes due to the poor quality #sommchat

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): .@KeeperColl , MS Gaiser, Do u have a favorite wine/food pairing u’d like us to know? #Sommchat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @winegalLynne stilton #cheese with botrytis sweet dessert #wine #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Q. If you were stuck on a desert island and could only have ONE #wine, which would you choose? #WineWednesday #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: easy answer is #German #Riesling, long been my favorite #wine. More difficult answer would be which specific 1! #SommChat #WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): A. T. Gaiser: Desert Island – only 1 #wine- want gr8 vintage of Egon Müller Scharzhofberger Spätlese. @GermanWineUSA #SommChat #WW

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl what’s a good book or website to reference on past #wine vintages? #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @lwa235 Book – Hugh Johnson – Great Vintage #wine book #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Thanks to everyone for joining us for #SommChat! I hope you learned something about #wine and Tim Gaiser

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): I hope everyone will join me in thanking #Master #Sommelier Tim Gaiser for an gr8 job sharing his #wine knowledge! #WineWednesday #SommChat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Join us next Wed 11/7 at 11 AM CST at #SommChat 4 more #wine secrets from #Wine Writer & Expert, Anthony Giglio @WineWiseGuy!#WW

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): If u want to be 100% sure ur #SommChat Q gets answered, post it to FB & we’ll be sure it gets asked! http://on.fb.me/hjQDBL Happy #WW!

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): .@KeeperColl and MS Gaiser, thanks so much for being here, I appreciate your time. Take care all and see u next #SommChat#WW

@CharlesComm (Charles Comm PR): Thanks Tim, and hello to you too Any particular producers in Paso that you’re excited about? cc: @mmwine #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: @CharlesComm Tablas Creek, Tobin James & EOS #WW #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): T. Gaiser: Thanks everyone – #SommChat has been a lot of fun #sommchat

@winegalLynne (Lynne Bryant, CS): .@KeeperColl , MS Gaiser, Yes!! Recently had Stilton and port, but will try. Thx. #WW #sommchat

@lwa235 (Linda Adams): @KeeperColl thank you Tim and all for a great #SommChat !!! Cheers and Happy Halloween!

@Bacchus1987 (John Jansma): #Sommchat thanks Tim! Thanks @KeeperColl

@Sassodoro (Sassodoro): I second that! RT @Bacchus1987: #Sommchat thanks Tim! Thanks @KeeperColl

@1educatedpalate (Scott): @KeeperColl thank you Tim for all your insight #sommchat

@mmWine (Matthew S Horbund): @charlescomm Dont know if @KeeperColl got your #SommChat to TIm re Paso Producers he likes. I liked @altacolina @HarmonyCellars @TablasCreek

@CharlesComm (Charles Comm PR): @mmwine thanks! #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): Thanks to Tim Gaiser MS and all of the #SommChat tweeps today – see you next week – #sametimesameplace

@CharlesComm (Charles Comm PR): Thanks to @KeeperColl & thanks Tim! Hope to see you soon. Cheers and happy #ww! #sommchat

@TheWineKey (Charlotte): @demilove @KeeperColl Thx! Had to “watch from afar” today but hope to participate next week – very educational! #sommchat

@RiojaWine (Rioja Wine): Happy #Halloween! Who here is already in costume? #SommChatare you?

@MoRandazzoMB (Mo Randazzo): @RiojaWine Happy #Halloween to you, too! Definitely in costume; dressed as a clown! #sommchat

@KeeperColl (Keeper Collection): @RiojaWine even though not in costume – feel like a 140 characters in tweet motion today! Happy #Halloween and #WW to you #SommChat

@RachelVoorhees (Rachel Voorhees): @KeeperColl Super bummed I missed Tim on #SommChatthis morning. He was one of MS instructors. Good stuff!!!